However, both varieties have a sweeter flavor and do not contain many seeds, which usually causes the bitterness. Bt brinjal is a transgenic eggplant that contains a gene from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. and see text. Maharashtra and the adjacent state of Karnataka also have an eggplant-based vegetarian pilaf called 'vangi bhat' [49].. Eggplant is often stewed, as in the French ratatouille, or deep-fried as in the Italian parmigiana di melanzane, the Turkish karnıyarık, or Turkish, Greek, and Levantine musakka/moussaka, and Middle Eastern and South Asian dishes. [25] Bāḏinjān is itself a loan-word in Arabic, whose earliest traceable origins lie in the Dravidian languages. Eggplants can also be battered before deep-frying and served with a sauce made of tahini and tamarind. The Arabic word bāḏinjān was borrowed into Greek by the eleventh century CE. In Iranian cuisine, it is blended with whey as kashk e bademjan, tomatoes as mirza ghassemi, or made into stew as khoresht-e-bademjan. Eggplant-related fruits. [45][46] Eggplant can also be grilled, skinned and eaten as a salad called ensaladang talong. There are oh-so-many shades of purple (and white! Eggplant is a versatile ingredient that can be prepared and enjoyed in a variety of different ways. Best Plant Nursery in Imphal You Should Visit! Common North American pests include the potato beetles, flea beetles, aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites. The average yield of Bt brinjal varieties/ha was 19.8 tonnes compared to 16.55 tonnes/ha for non-Bt brinjal varieties, indicating a 19.6% higher yield of Bt brinjal. The term guinea in the name originally denoted the fact that the fruits were associated with West Africa. Persian bādingān was borrowed in turn into Arabic as bāḏinjān (or, with the definite article, al-bāḏinjān). The commercial cultivation of brinjal takes place in the states of West Bengal, Maharashtra, Bihar. A mix of roasted eggplant, roasted red peppers, chopped onions, tomatoes, mushrooms, carrots, celery, and spices is called zacuscă in Romania, and ajvar or pinjur in the Balkans. Eggplant is used in the cuisines of many countries. Contact dermatitis from eggplant leaves[60] and allergy to eggplant flower pollen[61] have also been reported. S. violaceum of de Candolle applies to Linnaeus' S. aethiopicum. Solanum melongena is commonly called Brinjal, which is believed to have grown in wilds of southern India for the first time, almost 1500 years ago. Bt brinjal was first developed by the Indian seed company Mahyco in the early 2000s. Its stem is most often dark purple. Some common cultivars have fruit that is egg-shaped, glossy, and purple with white flesh and a spongy, "meaty" texture. Hand pollination by shaking the flowers improves the set of the first blossoms. Solanum trongum Poir. In a densely populated area, the growth and production of brinjal is essential to the region and is a primary source of income for poor farmers. Due to its texture and bulk, it is sometimes used as a meat substitute in vegan and vegetarian cuisines. It can grow in almost any kind of soil that is well-draining and fertile. The plant and fruit have a profusion of English names. The less common white varieties of eggplant are also known as Easter white eggplants, garden eggs, Casper or white eggplant. These eggplants are very bitter and very small. In 2018, world production of eggplants was 54 million tonnes, led by China with 63% of the total and India with 24% (table). It is frequently, but not always, cooked with fat. Krishna: Krishna is a Fuji hybrid released in 1991 by MPKV Rahuri for Western Maharashtra. Bicolored cultivars with striping include 'Listada de Gandia' and 'Udumalapet'. The less common white varieties of eggplant are also known as Easter white eggplants, garden eggs, Casper or white eggplant. [56], The color of purple skin cultivars is due to the anthocyanin nasunin. Rinsing, draining, and salting the sliced fruit before cooking may remove the bitterness. Female P. operculella use the leaves to lay their eggs and the hatched larvae will eat away at the mesophyll of the leaf. Blacknite. Korean and Japanese eggplant varieties are typically thin-skinned.[37]. By Katherine Sack s. August 13, 2015. As a member of the genus Solanum, it is related to the tomato, chili pepper, and potato, although they are new world and the eggplant, like nightshade, is old world. Modern descendants of this ancient Dravidian word include Malayalam vaṟutina and Tamil vaṟutuṇai. [59] The Hobson-Jobson dictionary comments that 'probably there is no word of the kind which has undergone such extraordinary variety of modifications, whilst retaining the same meaning, as this'.[26]. Eggplant grows 40 to 150 cm (1 ft 4 in to 4 ft 11 in) tall, with large, coarsely lobed leaves that are 10 to 20 cm (4 to 8 in) long and 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in) broad. Individuals who are atopic (genetically predisposed to developing certain allergic hypersensitivity reactions) are more likely to have a reaction to eggplant, which may be because eggplant is high in histamines. It provides low amounts of essential nutrients, with only manganese having a moderate percentage (11%) of the Daily Value. 12 Different Types of Eggplant 1. Brinjal, also known as eggplant, is one of the most important, inexpensive and popular vegetable crops grown in Bangladesh. Aubergine is the British name for brinjal and in United States, Australia and Canada, it is known by the name eggplant, because fruits of the earlier cultivars resembled eggs of goose or hen. Sometimes fried tomatoes and deep-fried potatoes are also added, creating a dish called begun bhorta. Caspar. Growers typically cut fruits from the vine just above the calyx owing to the somewhat woody stems. Its numerous seeds are small, soft and edible, along with the rest of the fruit, and do not have to be removed. Graffiti eggplant, sometimes called Sicilian eggplant, get its nam… Scientists inserted a gene from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (thus the name, Bt) into nine brinjal varieties. It is known by different names like Begun (Bengali), ringna (Gujarathi), baingan ( Hindi), badane (Kannada), waangum (Kashmiri), vange ( Marathi), baigan (Oriya), Vashuthana ( Malayalam), Kathiri (Tamil), venkaya (Telugu) and Peethabhala (Sanskrit). Eggplant (US,[1] Australia,[2] New Zealand, anglophone Canada), aubergine (UK,[3] Ireland, Quebec, and most of mainland Western Europe) or brinjal (South Asia, South Africa)[4] is a plant species in the nightshade family Solanaceae. You can tell the difference between the two because Chinese eggplants are light purple. [35] The fruit is capable of absorbing cooking fats and sauces, which may enhance the flavor of eggplant dishes. Similarly, H.C.F. Brinjal is among the most widely available and consumed vegetables in India, after potato, onion and tomato. They are known as talong and is widely used in many stew and soup dishes, like pinakbet. The vegetable is slender and comes in a variety of colors including white, pink, green, lavender or purple. Brinjal (Solanum melongena): 1. The modern Hindustani words descending directly from the Sanskrit name are baingan and began. In the La Mancha region of central Spain, a small eggplant is pickled in vinegar, paprika, olive oil, and red peppers. The most widely cultivated varieties—cultivars—in Europe and North America today are elongated ovoid, 12–25 cm (4 ⁄2–10 in) long and 6–9 cm (2 ⁄2–3 ⁄2 in) broad with a dark purple skin. It can be stuffed. 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