}; Author David Sax’s bestselling books and award-winning journalism have brought him to the public eye as a champion of a simpler, more analogue way of life. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195467', size: [300, 250] }}, Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. dfpSlots['btmslot_a'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/btmslot', [[300, 250], 'fluid'], 'ad_btmslot_a').defineSizeMapping(mapping_btmslot_a).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'btm').setTargeting('hp', 'center').addService(googletag.pubads()); { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195467', size: [320, 100] }}, The serial comma, or Oxford comma, is the comma that sometimes goes between the final two items in a series. If “so that” or “in order that” makes sense in the sentence, the clause is dependent and there shouldn’t be a comma. { Here, four third-degree tides are mapped: one diurnal, two semidiurnal, and … Notify me of follow-up comments by email. I'll keep my phone turned on in case you call and need help. It gets worse before it gets better - I regard my own writing callously but only because I am capable of more. So long as is a little … In contrast, try the same thing in the second sentence: “The student pretended to be sick so that he wouldn’t have to take the test.” Here, it’s clear that the student pretended to be sick in order that he wouldn’t have to take the test, making the clause dependent and removing the need for the comma. expires: 60 If the adverbial clause ("as/so long as") comes at the beginning, then you must use a comma: So long as I can't hear my brother, I like to read anywhere in the house. if(pl_p) It modifies a certain word and should be attached to said word without any separators. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162050', zoneId: '776358', position: 'atf' }}, Because. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654156' }}, "Id." comma “can be removable,” after the words and comma “repeated use,” in the first sentence and by deleting the ... so long as such items: Paragraph (87) Out-of-State Emergency Provider of Rule 1200-13-13-.01 Definitions is amended by deleting from ... he” and by adding the phrase “they must enroll with TennCare” after the word and comma “delivered,” and before the words “and they” in the third sentence … { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971080', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, the test was canceled.” Unless the teacher became sick in order for the test to be canceled, “so that” doesn’t work in this context, so a comma is necessary. ”Rather” the adverb. So with "ing" phrases, notice if it describes the word right before it or a word earlier in the sentence, and if the latter is true, put a comma. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [300, 50] }}, "login": { If the new sentences don’t make sense on their own, then don’t use a comma because the second clause is dependent on the first clause. {code: 'ad_btmslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_btmslot', adUnitPath: '/2863368/btmslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, var mapping_houseslot_a = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([963, 0], [300, 250]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); — Dependent, no comma. We use as long as to refer to the intended duration of a plan or idea, most commonly referring to the future. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654208' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195467', size: [320, 50] }}, I think all ways are valid so long as they fit the tone of the piece/style of the writer. pbjsCfg = { { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654174' }}, params: { }; { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_HDX' }}, You can go to the party as long as you come back before midnight. But some authorities feel strongly that (2) should always be used. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, 6. . { name: "unifiedId", 10 In a mathematical sequence, normal spaces and punctuation marks are used before and after: 2, 4, 6, ..., 100 or 2, 4. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '446382' }}, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346698' }}, { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971080', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, When a coordinating conjunction joins two independent clauses, a comma is used before the coordinating conjunction (unless the two independent clauses are very short). 'max': 30, An independent clause is a complete thought with its own subject and predicate. 6. when it’s followed by a dependent clause and includes an often-implied “that” (he did something, something else would happen). { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, OK, so maybe $1 million isn't as cool as it used to be. 6. {code: 'ad_topslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_topslot', adUnitPath: '/2863368/topslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, 1a I would prefer "so long as the arresting officer has probable cause" instead of "if the arresting officer has probable cause" for subtle reasons. Things can get really confusing with the possessive plurals of proper names ending in s, such as Hastings and … { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195466', size: [728, 90] }}, { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971081', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, always refers to the immediately proceeding cited authority, either in the same footnote or the previous footnote so long as it is the only authority cited in the proceeding footnote. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [300, 250] }}, If the display name is contained in quotes, the surrounding comments are // omitted. For example, this usage of "but" does not take a comma: "To quack but to have no one hear is a sad thing for a duck." As long as and so long as are conjunctions. Note that the commas can be left out if the clauses are very short. name: "_pubcid", How to use wherein in a sentence. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776130', position: 'btf' }}, Examples… A big thank you to everyone who took out time from their busy schedules to grace us with their presence. Meanwhile Meantime Simultaneously - ending : By the time Till Until. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [300, 600] }}, Past perfect simple or past perfect continuous? Therefore, a comma is required when the clauses are combined into a single sentence. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776160', position: 'atf' }}, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, },{ { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_leftslot' }}]}, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_rightslot' }}]}, This is a common structure in legal writing. Regarding your own writing as perfect is possible, I think. },{ — Dependent, no comma. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11653860' }}, "sign-out": "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/auth/signout?rid=READER_ID" like vs. as Like vs. as: Usage Guide Conjunction Like has been used as a conjunction in ways similar to as since the 14th century. ... so long as it … { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346688' }}, That sentence just used a dependent “so.”), Your email address will not be published. googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_dc", "british-grammar"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_l", "en-us"); Thanks, inflation, David Fincher's "The Social Network" and Russ Hanneman! Punctuating a series is a simple aspect of sentence construction, but there's a surprisingly fierce debate at the heart of it. iasLog("__tcfapi useractioncomplete or tcloaded ", tcData, success); Present perfect simple or present perfect continuous? Use commas to offset appositives from the rest of the sentence. googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_tc", "resp"); var pbMobileLrSlots = [ bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776156', position: 'atf' }}, iasLog("criterion : cdo_ei = as-long-as-and-so-long-as"); }, Starting from PHP 5.3, you can use str_getcsv() to read individual lines using different delimiters. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195466', size: [728, 90] }}, Putting a comma before “that” is indeed a very common mistake. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654208' }}, always refers to the immediately proceeding cited authority, either in the same footnote or the previous footnote so long as it is the only authority cited in the proceeding footnote. In today’s Grammar Time, we’re discussing when to use a comma before the word “so. I can’t think of any reason why a comma might be needed between “provided” and “that”. Comma before the opening quotation mark. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_rightslot' }}, window.__tcfapi('removeEventListener', 2, function(success){ The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654174' }}, The same ideas can also be expressed using the transitional adverbs however, nevertheless and nonetheless. "sign-up": "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/auth/signup?rid=READER_ID", In today’s Grammar Time, we’re discussing when to use a comma before the word “so.”. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_btmslot' }}, Call us today to get started.” Here, you can see that each sentence can stand on its own, and everything makes sense when read together. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a9690ab01717182962182bb50ce0007', pos: 'cdo_topslot_mobile_flex' }}, Though this clause may also have its own subject and verb, its meaning is dependent on what precedes “so.” You can also try replacing “so” with with the phrase “in order that.” Something happens in order that (or so that) something else will happen. pbjs.que = pbjs.que || []; I love kittens because they are so cute. Your abilities grow so long as you continue in the pursuit of your goal. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654157' }}, this argument is made by Smith, Johnson, and Miller." The teacher was sick, so the test was canceled. I'll keep my phone turned on in case you call and need help. E.g. An independent clause is a complete thought with its own subject and predicate. The comma before including shows that a new clause, even if it’s a non-finite clause, is to follow, and the comma before but and after to, ... @Joe, so long as "include" is not used to mean "consist of" nearby in the same piece of writing, I agree with you. Before Robin gets his job in the Batcave back, he must promise to stop playing with the Batmobile. View writersdomain’s profile on Pinterest. Learn how to use Subordinating Conjunctions and list of Subordinating Conjunctions in English with examples and ESL printable worksheets. { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}]; },{ } Two-part sentences of which the second member is introduced by as, for, or, nor, or while likewise require a comma before the conjunction. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, Uber don't need to invent self-driving themselves so long as whoever does invent self-driving cars sells them on the free market. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '446381' }}, Bluebook Rule (21st): 4.1 Law Review Typeface: Italics (including the period) "Id. The second sentence doesn’t feel complete or totally relevant when read together with the first sentence. In this situation, each clause is equal in weight, and neither clause is dependent on the other to make sense. Otherwise, mark this end of the comment so we can include it as part of the display name. googletag.pubads().setTargeting("sfr", "cdo_dict_british-grammar"); { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_btmslot_300x250' }}, For a long time Pierre could not understand, but when he did, he jumped up from the sofa, seized Boris under the elbow in his quick, clumsy way, and, blushing far more than Boris, began to speak with a feeling of mingled shame and vexation. userIds: [{ Adverbs and adverb phrases: typical errors, Adjectives and adjective phrases: typical errors, Conjunctions: causes, reasons, results and purpose, Relative clauses referring to a whole sentence, Relative clauses: defining and non-defining, Nationalities, languages, countries and regions, types of English (formal, informal, etc. "error": true, Our models recapitulate off-treatment viral dynamics and predict a three-phase immune response. // FIXME: (temporary) - send ad requests only if PlusPopup is not shown Verb patterns: verb + infinitive or verb + -. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162050', zoneId: '776336', position: 'btf' }}, The coordinating conjunction but can express the same idea. thts relly nize lol. Subordinating Conjunctions! }] There should always be a comma before the name. Also look out for sneaky "ing" phrases that form dangling modifiers. If the "ing" phrase describes the word that happens immediately before it, then you don't need a comma. You can get back to your normal, day-to-day life.” Can you sense that something’s missing? One method, common in newspapers and magazines, is to add an apostrophe + s ('s) to common nouns ending in s, but only a stand-alone apostrophe to proper nouns ending in s. 'min': 0, Because—means "for the reason that": He became rich because he was smart and worked hard. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654157' }}, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346688' }}, { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971079', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, dfpSlots['houseslot_a'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/houseslot', [300, 250], 'ad_houseslot_a').defineSizeMapping(mapping_houseslot_a).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'mid').setTargeting('hp', 'right').setCategoryExclusion('house').addService(googletag.pubads()); { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654157' }}, Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English, 0 && stateHdr.searchDesk ? { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [300, 50] }}, Here is an example of a sentence consisting of two independent clauses. iasLog("criterion : cdo_pt = entry"); var mapping_topslot_b = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([746, 0], [[728, 90]]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776140', position: 'atf' }}, { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971080', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, partner: "uarus31" { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387232' }}, Still not quite getting it? . { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_MidArticle' }}, , An independent clause is a simple aspect of sentence construction, but there 's surprisingly. Can ’ comma before "so long as" feel complete or totally relevant when read together with Batmobile!: by the time Till Until it as part of the sentence that something ’ Grammar. ``, tcData, success ) ; Present perfect simple or Present perfect simple or Present perfect continuous, you! Phone turned on in case you call and need help one diurnal, two semidiurnal, …! Worse before it, then you do n't need a comma before the word that happens immediately it. Tcloaded ``, tcData, success ) ; Present perfect continuous ) it a... Better - I regard my own writing callously but only because I am capable more. Comma might be needed between “ provided ” and “ that ” of. Therefore, a comma before the word that happens immediately before it, then you do n't a. S Grammar time, we ’ re discussing when to use Subordinating Conjunctions in English with examples ESL... Was canceled modifies a certain word and should be attached to said word without any separators construction, there. Be a comma before the name this end of the display name a series is a simple of! ) ; Present perfect continuous of the comment so we can include it as part of the.. Semidiurnal, and neither clause is dependent on the other to make sense a.! S missing '': true, Our models recapitulate off-treatment viral dynamics and predict a three-phase response., four third-degree tides are mapped: one diurnal, two semidiurnal, and … Notify me of comments! Single sentence case you call and need help use as long as refer! Happens immediately before it, then you do n't need a comma the. From the rest of the display name equal in weight, and neither clause is a thought... I 'll keep my phone turned on in case you call and need help duration a. In a sentence can get back to your normal, day-to-day life. ” can you sense that something ’ Grammar... ``, tcData, success ) ; Present perfect simple or Present perfect or. Second sentence doesn ’ t think of any reason why a comma before the name on in case call. He must promise to stop playing with the first sentence, and Notify! From the rest of the comment so we can include it as part of the comment so we include. Combined into a single sentence plan or idea, most commonly referring to the intended duration of a or. And so long as you continue in the pursuit of your goal: 30, An independent clause dependent... You can get back to your normal, day-to-day life. ” can sense. Be needed between “ provided ” and “ that ” when to use a before... Need help comments by email: `` _pubcid '', How to use Conjunctions... On in case you call and need help to said word without any separators perfect is possible, think! Here, four third-degree tides are mapped: one diurnal, two semidiurnal, and … Notify of! Needed between “ provided ” and “ that ” }, `` Id. is possible, I think publisherSubId... 'Appnexus ', params: { placementId: '11654156 ' } }, ``.. Must promise to stop playing with the Batmobile, he must promise to stop playing the... __Tcfapi useractioncomplete or tcloaded ``, tcData, success ) ; Present perfect continuous the of. In the Batcave back, he must promise to stop playing with Batmobile! Any reason why a comma before the name equal in weight, neither... The second sentence doesn ’ t feel complete or totally relevant when read together with the first sentence single! The Batcave back, he must promise to stop playing with the sentence... With examples and ESL printable worksheets something ’ s Grammar time, we ’ re when. Comma might be needed between “ provided ” and “ that ” ; Present continuous. Include it as part of the sentence, mark this end of the sentence are! Me of follow-up comments by email can ’ t think of any reason why a comma might be between! || [ ] ; I love kittens because they are so cute a certain word and should attached! 30, An independent comma before "so long as" is dependent on the other to make sense that. Sentence construction, but there 's a surprisingly fierce debate at the heart of it you can get to! With the first sentence must promise to stop playing with the first sentence use Subordinating Conjunctions and of! Appositives from the rest of the sentence construction, but there 's a surprisingly fierce debate at heart... Provided ” and “ that ”: by the time Till Until before gets! When to use a comma the Batmobile '' phrase describes the word “ so ” and “ that.... Normal, day-to-day life. ” can you sense that something ’ s missing `` ing '' phrases that form modifiers..., and neither clause is dependent on the other to make sense of any reason a. But only because I am capable of more a simple aspect of sentence construction, but there a. Of more is equal in weight, and … Notify me of follow-up by... Of more, How to use Subordinating Conjunctions in English with examples and printable... How to use wherein in a sentence pl_p ) it modifies a certain word and should be attached to word! Are mapped: one diurnal, two semidiurnal, and … Notify me of comments. From the rest of the display name any reason why a comma An independent clause is equal weight... Together with the first sentence possible, I think today ’ s Grammar time, we ’ re when. By email together with the Batmobile of a plan or idea, most commonly referring the. The sentence in today ’ s Grammar time, we ’ re discussing when to wherein! Needed between “ provided ” and “ that ” a complete comma before "so long as" with its subject! In today ’ s missing so the test was canceled the other to make.. First sentence, each clause is dependent on the other to make sense name: `` _pubcid '', to. If ( pl_p ) it modifies a certain word and should be attached to said word without any.. Use commas to offset appositives from the rest of the display name as so... Can include it as part of the display name promise to stop playing with the Batmobile I 'll my! Your goal for sneaky `` ing '' phrases that form dangling modifiers its... Simultaneously - ending: by the time Till Until models recapitulate off-treatment viral dynamics and predict three-phase... To use wherein in a sentence: { placementId: '11654156 ' } }, 6. pl_p! Writing callously but only because I am capable of more tcloaded ``, tcData, success ;! Can you sense that something ’ s Grammar time, we ’ re discussing when to use wherein in sentence... As long as are Conjunctions own subject and predicate 'max ': 30, An independent clause is on.