He wrote some 150 books, about half of them on astronomy or mathematics. Al-Biruni’s Kitab-ul-Hind is simple and lucid. In 998 the leader Mahmud seized the throne of the kingdom of Ghazna, which included the land that is now Afghanistan and northeastern Iran. abu al-rayhan muhammad ibn ahmad al-biruni 1. by: asad munir and mumammad umer yasin 2. he finds the radius of earth. [33][34], Al-Biruni was proud of the fact that he followed the textual evidence of the religion without being influenced by Greek philosophers such as Aristotle. In 1017 he travelled to the Indian subcontinent and authored a study of Indian culture Tārīkh al-Hind (History of India) after exploring the Hindu faith practiced in India. To re-enable the tools or to convert back to English, click "view original" on the Google Translate toolbar. It lists synonyms for drug names in Syriac, Persian, Greek, Baluchi, Afghan, Kurdi, and some Indian languages. In 998, he went to the court of the Ziyarid amir of Tabaristan, Shams al-Mo'ali Abol-hasan Ghaboos ibn Wushmgir. [30] Along with his writing, Al-Biruni also made sure to extend his study to science while on the expeditions. The work includes research on a vast array of topics of Indian culture, including descriptions of their traditions and customs. There he corresponded with Avicenna[28] and there are extant exchanges of views between these two scholars. [74], The book does not limit itself to tedious records of battle because Al-Biruni found the social culture to be more important. How unique is the name Biruni? Improved homework resources designed to support a variety of curriculum subjects and standards. These descriptions are useful to today's modern historians because they are able to use Biruni's scholarship to locate certain destinations in modern-day India. [24] The Iranian Khwarezmian language, which was the language of Biruni,[25][26] survived for several centuries after Islam until the Turkification of the region, and so must some at least of the culture and lore of ancient Khwarezm, for it is hard to see the commanding figure of Biruni, a repository of so much knowledge, appearing in a cultural vacuum. marching … Biruni also employed astronomy in the determination of his theories, which were complex mathematical equations and scientific calculation that allows one to convert dates and years between the different calendars. Moreover, research in the course of the last hundred years has shed considerable light on obscure or misunderstood passages in al-Biruni’s book. [71] He explores religion within a rich cultural context. [59][60], He used a hydrostatic balance to determine the density and purity of metals and precious stones. He also theorized that at least some of the unknown landmass would lie within the known latitudes which humans could inhabit, and therefore would be inhabited. leading protagonist Al-Biruni, a scholar and mathematician, viewed natural law as the 'law of the jungle', and argued that the antagonism between human beings can only be overcome", Kaminski, Joseph J. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBerjak2005 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFPingree1989 (, sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFPingree2010 (, sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFAtaman2008 (, S.H. [31], Belonging to the Sunni Ash'ari school,[3][5] al-Biruni nevertheless also associated with Maturidi theologians. He was however, very critical of the Mu'tazila, particularly criticising al-Jahiz and Zurqan. [72], The dispassionate account of Hinduism given by Al-Biruni was remarkable for its time. His full name in Arabic is Abū Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Al-Bīrūnī, and in Persian Persian: ابوریحان محمد بن احمد البیرونی‎ Abū Rayḥān Bērōnī;[20][21] New Persian: Abū Rayḥān Bīrūnī[22]), He was born in the outer district (Bīrūn) of Kath, the capital of the Afrighid dynasty of Khwarezm in Central Asia[23][9] (or Chorasmia).[24][23]. The others explored a wide range of subjects, from physics to gems to world cultures. Historians are able to make some matches while also concluding that certain areas seem to have disappeared and been replaced with different cities. "[52][34], He further stated that Aristotle, whose arguments Avicenna uses, contradicted himself when he stated that the universe and matter has a start whilst holding on to the idea that matter is pre-eternal. He describes the educated as monotheistic, believing that God is one, eternal, and omnipotent and eschewing all forms of idol worship. It was only hundreds of years later in the West, that his books became read and referenced again, especially his book on India which became relevant to the British Empire's activity in India from the 17th century. I shall place before the reader the theories of the Hindus exactly as they are, and I shall mention in connection with them similar theories of the Greeks in order to show the relationship existing between them. Al-Biruni… Most scholars, including al-Biruni, were taken to Ghazni, the capital of the Ghaznavid dynasty. Indon. [72] He expresses his objective with simple eloquence: He also translated the works of Indian sage Patanjali with the title Tarjamat ketāb Bātanjalī fi’l-ḵalāṣ men al-ertebāk. How do you pronounce urganch in English? Biruni University is one of the Top Turkish Universities and the Ministry of the Higher Education accredits it. 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