When Britain declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939, the news was greeted with excitement at the home of No. “I got him down with about four bullets from each gun and he just burst into flames,” he recalled. Recent tests had shown that the minimum firepower needed to shoot down an enemy bomber was six or, preferably, eight guns, each capable of firing 1,000 rounds per minute. Height: 13 ft. 12 ft. 7 in. One of their conversations resulted in abandonment of the Vic formation of three aircraft in favor of the finger-four formation. In their jubilee edition of The Battle of Britain, Richard Hough and Denis Richards give their own version of the Spitfire myth: ‘The Battle of Britain, despite Fighter Command’s being down to its last few aircraft, was won by unfailingly cheerful young officers flying Spitfires … and directed by ‘Stuffy’ Dowding ……, The reason for the Hurricane’s second-class status was that it was competing not with another fighter, but with a genuine legend. The original armament of the new Hawker monoplane consisted of two .303-caliber Vickers Mark V machine guns mounted in the fuselage, and two .303-caliber Browning machine guns in the wings. Post-war, the Spitfire's service career continued into the 1950s. Mitchell’s fighter first took to the air on March 5, 1936. In other words, each had its good points and bad points. I, dismissed them as “a lot of rubbish.” (Courtesy of Bob Cossey, 74(F) Tiger Squadron Association). “As soon as he saw me, he pushed his stick forward, which we [Spitfire pilots] couldn’t do because the engine would stop and it would be some time before the carburetor would be able to flow again. The Spitfire is faster than the Hurricane. Wood and fabric biplanes were familiar; monocoque monoplanes were new and strange to them. He pointed out that the RAF had very few men who understood the complexities of the Spitfire’s stressed-metal construction, but that its airframe and flight mechanics had spent their lives servicing and rigging wood-and-fabric aircraft like the Hurricane. The Air Ministry confirmed this with its statement, ‘The total number of enemy aircraft brought down by single-seater fighters was in the proportion of 3 by Hurricanes to 2 by Spitfires,’ and also noted, ‘the average proportion … of serviceable [aircraft] each morning was approximately 63 percent Hurricanes and 37 percent Spitfires.’ A cynic might be tempted to say that the Hurricane did most of the work, but the Spitfire got most of the glory. A total of 1,715 Hurricanes flew with Fighter Command during the period of the Battle, far in excess of all other British fighters combined. So instead I half rolled, went through some cloud and of course I came out behind him. The Spitfires in the Battle of Britain were fitted with the Merlin III of 1,030 horsepower. In consequence, many seriously damaged Hurricanes were repaired in squadron workshops while badly damaged Spitfires were being written off. By 1939, the Spitfire was significantly faster and had a higher rate of climb, according to Dennis Richards and Richard Hough in The Battle of Britain, and they noted, ‘In handling, there was little to choose between the two,’ The authors went on to point out that the Hurricane’s twin batteries of four Brownings closely grouped together in the wings was preferred to the ‘widely scattered’ guns in the Spitfire’s wings. Mustang, Spitfire, Hurricane – The Fighters that Brought the Luftwaffe to its Knees Germany had the most powerful air force in Europe when the World War II started. So I had to come down through the cloud and that’s when we ran into the Messerschmitt 110s.”, Most of Freeborn’s combat reports were lost in the war, but his account of this encounter with dozens of Me-110s is one of the few that survived. Number 64 Squadron was to send six Spitfires to intercept the incoming ‘bombers.’ It all looked like a nice, easy practice drill on paper, but whoever planned the exercise had not reckoned on the rivalry between Spitfire and Hurricane pilots. An IFF (identification friend or foe) signal system was also fitted into aircraft to aid ground controllers. The Supermarine firm had been taken over by the industrial giant Vickers by this time; the new corporation was known as Supermarine Aviation Works (Vickers) Ltd. (Imperial War Museum). Some Spitfire pilots shared that bias in regard to the Hurricane. By the time war was declared, just under 500 Hurricanes had been delivered. A turning radius quoted as 800 feet for the Hurricane and 880 feet for the Spitfire. Although they served on other fronts from Malta to Singapore, they reached their pinnacle during the high summer of 1940, when the Spitfire and Hurricane joined forces to thwart the Luftwaffe over the green fields of southern England. In the dogfight with the Messerschmitts he had lost two pilots, including his friend Don Cobden. ‘Mutt’ Summers, chief test pilot for Vickers and Supermarine, out of the Eastleigh airport in Hampshire. “Practicing all the time,” he replied. “He wasn’t received very nicely,” said Freeborn of the prime minister. He gave us the order to attack and we attacked. As you fly, the Hurricane and the Spitfire will be flying wing-to-wing with you. Spider Stacy (Peter  Stacy), singer, songwriter, musician with The Pogues band. Spitfire pilots agreed that the plane provided superb maneuverability, while the Hurricane’s maneuverability was just “good.” The Spitfire was armed with four .303 machine guns and two 20mm cannons, while the Hurricane carried four 20mm cannons. Had Flinders not intervened, Freeborn probably would have also shot down a Bristol Blenheim he believed to be a German bomber. William Green wrote: ‘The Supermarine Spitfire was much more than just a highly successful fighter. (Courtesy of Bob Cossey, 74(F) Tiger Squadron Association), Freeborn did do the odd daft thing in the war, on one occasion buzzing two golfers on a local links course. A former pilot of No. German pilots had a great deal more respect for the Spitfire than for the Hurricane. The terrified golfers were a pair of wing commanders, and Freeborn received a reprimand for his prank. The first prototype of the aircraft that would become known as the Spitfire was an odd-looking affair. A Spitfire could climb higher and turn faster because of its wing design. Nostradamus [Michel de Nostredame], French astrologer and physician. Pilots have been making comparisons between the two airplanes for more than 50 years. This article was originally published in the November 1994 issue of Aviation History Magazine. He could not hear very well-even the engine roar was muffled; his vision was severely restricted, and his entire body was boxed in by the confines of the cockpit. 56 Squadron embark on a mission from North Weald. Although it may appear from their close completion dates that the Hurricane and Spitfire were developed in parallel, the fact that they appeared on the scene at roughly the same time was purely coincidental. I then returned to Hornchurch.”, The first of Freeborn’s two kills gave him particular satisfaction. Charlie Rich, crossover country singer, musician ("Behind Closed Doors"). There were other strong characters in the squadron: Sgt. Both also saw active service until World War II ended in August 1945. During the Battle of Britain, between July and September 1940, 19 squadrons of Supermarine Spitfires (372 aircraft at peak on August 30) and 33 squadrons of Hawker Hurricanes (709 aircraft on August 30) faced the Luftwaffe from airports throughout southern England. Industry swiftly supplanted emotion as airmen and ground crews began to fill thousands of sandbags to create blast-proof dispersals for the squadron’s Supermarine Spitfires. Freeborn joined the RAF in 1937 and was posted in October 1938 to 74 Squadron with the rank of acting pilot officer. 111 Squadron at RAF Northolt in December 1937. According to Wing Commander Raymond Myles Beacham Duke-Woolley, who flew with the all-American Eagle Squadrons, a fighter pilot was a lonely man. Freeborn’s methods upset some of his fellow pilots. “I used to take the piss out of Stephen and say, ‘Oh, you should have seen him, climbing up his bloody shroud lines,’” remembered Freeborn. But the brunt of the fighting was taken on by the Spitfire and the Hurricane. Ldr. P-40 vs Spitfire spitfire. The pilot at the controls of either a Hurricane or Spitfire was not the most comfortable person in the world. Length: 31 ft. 4 in. Adrenaline coursed through the pilots as they headed east to intercept aircraft that a searchlight battery had reported approaching the Essex coast at high altitude. In spite of their differences, both in origin and in performance, the two fighters became counterparts. You could only do what you could do.”. For one thing, it was underpowered–its Rolls-Royce Goshawk II engine gave it a speed of only 238 mph. R. J. Mitchell's masterpiece, the prototype Supermarine Spitfire. When the Hawker plane made its first test flight on November 6, 1935, it was still without a name-the Air Ministry did not approve ‘Hurricane,’ the name suggested by the manufacturer, until June 1936. Hurricanes from 151 Squadron had also been scrambled, and Sqd. I flew all the time. The pilot’s disposition was not improved by the fact that he was traveling at speeds in excess of 300 mph, and he felt even more anxious when a pilot in another machine-probably just as uncomfortable-began shooting at him. A Hawker Hurricane Mk. 31 ft. 3 in. I know everyone loves the spitfire and is gonna bias it, but what was actually better during the battle of britain? Used these days as night-fighters by the enemy. In 1937, at the age of 42, he died of cancer. He was neither well-connected nor had he been to the right school, important factors in the class-conscious higher echelons of the wartime RAF. This meant that the Hurricane could turn inside the Spitfire, like a sports car outmaneuvering a sedan–a vital attribute in air combat. Both machines may have had their good points and bad points, but no one ever praised either one for its comfort or luxury. Which is better, the Supermarine Spitfire or the Hawker Hurricane? Yellow Section—Flying Officer Vincent “Paddy” Byrne; his no. However, the Hap pilot considers his tolerance in reference to blacking out to be above average. Nostradamus [Michel de Nostredame], French astrologer and physician. He spent a year in the U.S., during which he fell in love with the P-51 Mustang, his favorite of all the aircraft he flew. Charlie Rich, crossover country singer, musician ("Behind Closed Doors"). Thank you so much! That question has been asked by pilots, historians and air enthusiasts since 1940. • Hurricanes had a wooden rear frame covered in fabric and the Spitfire was made completely of metal. Dowding’s insistence upon equipping the RAF with these two fighters while he was still attached to Supply and Research paid large dividends in the skies over the south of England during the summer of 1940. 610 Squadron, based at Biggin Hill, Kent, fly over South East England. Fighter aircraft Main types: Hurricane, Spitfire and Bf 109. Henry IV, the first Bourbon king of France. This failure was almost entirely due to the ‘unconventional’ creations of Reginald J. Mitchell and Sidney Camm. Other fighters were also employed, such as the grossly underpowered Boulton Paul Defiant, which was no match for the Messerschmitt Bf-109 in spite of its four-gun power turret (neither was the twin-engine Bristol Blenheim). His farsightedness would pay off eight years later, in 1940, when he was chief of RAF Fighter Command. Pilot John Flinders as no. It also marked the first of Freeborn’s 13½ kills. loaded: 7300 lbs. He knew that the German Luftwaffe was expanding and that Adolf Hitler’s ambition would probably lead to an armed conflict between Britain and Germany. Then, when the Bf-109s were out of position, the Hurricanes would attack the bombers. He was, in short, not only lonely but also extremely uncomfortable. It created friction between Malan and myself, but not the rest of the squadron. It was once referred to as ‘a halfway house between the old biplanes and the new Spitfires.’ Sidney Camm, Hawker Aircraft’s chief designer, was the leading force behind the Hurricane’s development. “Two of our A/C [aircraft] went down immediately,” he wrote. “We landed back at North Weald very angry at the terrible mess-up where our controllers had so irresponsibly vectored two wings onto each other, guns loaded and pilots warned for combat,” he remarked after the war. loaded He’d gone home [he lived with his wife off base] and dropped us right in the s—.”. “They went to school together, they both came from Dublin and they fought a lot,” recalled Freeborn. But the Kestrel was much too small for the Hurricane. For more great articles subscribe today! Yak-3 vs Spitfire me-262. Hurricane pilots found themselves fighting Messerschmitts as often as did the Spitfire pilots. Written for Malan by some actor friend of his who wrote for films.”, Freeborn died in 2010, the last of 74 Squad­ron’s Battle of Britain aces. Patty Duke, actress, singer; won Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress at age 16, playing Helen Keller in The Miracle Worker; president of Screen Actors Guild (1985-88). (Imperial War Museum). Eighty years ago, the air war over Britain did not start well for the Royal Air Force in a “friendly fire” incident involving Spitfires and Hurricanes. I did not follow as many E/A were engaged and I had noted another of our A/C damaged. Never saw him. On February 13, 1939, 74 Squadron took delivery of its first Spitfire. your own Pins on Pinterest But when the Spitfires dove to the attack, the plan quickly fell apart. Edward Don­aldson, who witnessed the attack, had no doubt who was to blame. At 0645 hours on September 6 there was another scramble and Flight Lt. Adolph Malan, nicknamed “Sailor” because of his stint as a naval cadet, led Red Section through a thick ground mist into a clear blue sky. This meant that the Hurricane could turn inside the Spitfire, like a sports car outmaneuvering a sedan–a vital attribute in air combat. This was true in relation to the Mark I Hurricanes which came up against the Me 109 in France in 1939 and in the early battles over England in 1940. The Spitfire didn’t see anymore front line action after the end of WWII. Now all he had to do was convince the Air Ministry. It had been given a name-the Spitfire-by Vickers and made official by the Air Ministry. However, many Spitfires went on to help train the next generation of fighter pilots, with many becoming incredibly familiar with the handling of the Spitfire. “He told him he was a downright bloody liar.”, The court-martial lasted half a day and, after considering the evidence, the tribunal acquitted Freeborn and Byrne. “They were Germans and they had to go,” he said. (Imperial War Museum). Die-hard defenders of the Hurricane are quick to comment that the Hawker aircraft is credited with shooting down more enemy aircraft than the Spitfire. Some World War I pilots even insisted that the monoplane would always be outclassed by the biplane, because a biplane could always outmaneuver any monoplane. He was in poor health and lonely, so he enjoyed talking about old times. For the next several minutes, the two squadrons chased each other for miles in all directions. Hurricanes of RAF No. The Merlin engine promised to give it all the speed Mitchell wanted and the Air Ministry would require. The cockpit was so narrow that his shoulders brushed against the sides whenever he rubbernecked for enemy fighters (which was constantly); his flying helmet, with his radio headset, covered his ears; his nose and mouth were covered by an oxygen mask, which also contained his microphone. The incident has become known as the Battle of Barking Creek, which is curious given that Bark­ing Creek is in east London and Freeborn shot down Hulton-Harrop many miles north over rural Essex. In my 2012 Quadrant essay Hermann Goering and the burning of the Bialowieza I made a comment that at the start of the war the Luftwaffe’s Messerschmitt 109 fighter was about on a par with the RAF’s Spitfire, but superior to the Hurricane. One of his sergeant pilots, Bill Skinner, recounted how a Junkers Ju-88A was shot down over France in May 1940: “The Nazi crew were seen to get out and shake their fists at us. Flying Limitations of the Me 109 G (from: Technical Instructions of the Generalluftzeugmeister, Berlin, 28th August 1942.. Reference Me 109 - wing breakages. And the argument was not always confined to the officers mess. The Spitfire, Hurricane, and Fw-190, with their “vertical” landing gear and heavier structures, fared much better. Both aircraft were modified many times as the war progressed; they were given larger engines, more spacious cockpits, and 20mm cannons. But it wasn’t. Het toestel werd in 1938 in productie genomen door Supermarine Division, Vickers Armstrong Ltd..Het toestel werd gedurende de gehele Tweede Wereldoorlog ingezet door de geallieerden, voornamelijk door de RAF.Er werden in totaal 20.340 stuks gebouwd. When Camm heard about RollsRoyce’s PV-12 engine, the Merlin, he modified his new monoplane to accommodate it. The Hurricane was more stable gun platform than the Spitfire although not as nippy. And now for some out-of-schedule aviation geekiness: Yesterday I encoutnered an off-hand comment about whether the Spitfire or the Messerschmitt … That month Malan was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and Freeborn became the de facto commander of B Flight. High-ranking officers who had flown during World War I were accustomed to open cockpits, fixed wheels, struts and supporting cables. “I would sometimes fly quite close to frighten them, so close the slipstream would hit them and it would blow the parachute all over the place. “He got in the way. Malan wasn’t liked. But partially treated sewage once flowed into the River Thames at Barking Creek, and it’s been suggested that Barking Creek was a euphemism for “s— creek,” the American expression that had recently found its way to Britain. We are nearly at 100,000 subscribers! I would say ‘get in the air’ and they would say, ‘I don’t want to.’ But I did. (Imperial War Museum CH158). He had only recently agreed to talk publicly about his wartime experience as the pilot who had flown more operational hours during the Battle of Britain than any other. Despite the great effort, however, nothing was accomplished by the little drill. 74 Squadron members includes Malan (circled in red) and Freeborn (circled in white). It was that line of thinking that made Dowding’s job of upgrading and modernizing the RAF more difficult. In spite of their differences, it would be the combination of Hurricane and Spitfire, together that turned the tide in that Summer of 1940. “Malan was just married, always broke, always borrowing money,” he said. It was the material symbol of final victory to the British people in their darkest hour, and was probably the only fighter of the Second World War to achieve legendary status.’. Iron was in short supply during the war and it was easier to fix a hole in cloth than metal. Mitchell continued to modify his design in 1933 and 1934. Leave A Reply. None of the 20 fighter pilots had ever been in combat, or even seen a German airplane up close, and this inexperience, ignorance and excitement was about to have fatal consequences. And that is NOT a carburetor (carburettor in British English) air inlet. “I was in the middle of 30 or so bloody Germans and it felt good to give the Germans some stick of their own.”, That evening Winston Churchill arrived at 74 Squadron to congratulate the pilots for their achievements. Pilots were instructed to sharpen up their visual identification of aircraft, while the training of controllers, plotters and radar operators was improved. A short while later he spotted what he took to be a Luftwaffe bomber and closed in for the kill. The innovative Mitchell has been called one of the most brilliant designers Britain has ever produced. Did that include lying to protect his reputation? Or, as another pilot said, ‘The Spitfire and the Hurricane complemented each other.’. 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